That day, the Hurricane Hunters encountered severe turbulence, which hospitalized one crew member and injured another. On October 8, the tiny eye increased to a diameter of 29 mi (46 km), while the winds reached 85 mph (135 km/h), although winds were estimated as high as 125 mph (201 km/h). The winds gradually increased as the storm moved westward, parallel to the northern Venezuela coast. Īfter entering the Caribbean Sea, Hazel continued to present a small eye and wind diameter. At the same time, Hazel made landfall on Grenada with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). The 100 mph (160 km/h) winds were therefore revised downward to 65 mph (100 km/h) late on October 5, though it was estimated that the storm attained hurricane status at 00:00 UTC on October 6. Although the Hurricane Hunters observed hurricane-force winds, the storm had a small eye 5 mi (8 km) in diameter and a central barometric pressure of 1,002 mbar (29.6 inHg). The Atlantic hurricane reanalysis later assessed that Hazel developed at 06:00 UTC on October 5 about 220 mi (350 km) east of Grenada. The United States Weather Bureau promptly classified the system as Hurricane Hazel. When the plane reached the system, they observed a tropical cyclone about 30 mi (50 km) east of the island of Grenada with winds estimated at 100 mph (160 km/h). Due to the potential for tropical storm formation, a Hurricane Hunters plane flew from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to investigate the system. On October 5, a tropical wave with tropical-storm force winds was approaching the Lesser Antilles. To help with the cleanup, 800 members of the military were summoned, and a Hurricane Relief Fund was established that distributed $5.1 million (2021: $51.5 million) in aid.Įxtratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression The storm stalled over the Toronto area, and although it was now extratropical, it remained as powerful as a category 1 hurricane. The effects of Hazel were particularly unprecedented in Toronto due to a combination of heavy rainfall during the preceding weeks, a lack of experience in dealing with tropical storms, and the storm's unexpected retention of power despite traveling 1,100 km (680 mi) over land. In Canada alone, over C$135 million (2020: C$1.3 billion) of damage was incurred. As a result, many residential areas in the local floodplains, such as the Raymore Drive area, were subsequently converted to parkland. When it hit Ontario as an extratropical storm, rivers and streams in and around Toronto overflowed their banks, which caused severe flooding. When it was over Pennsylvania, Hazel consolidated with a cold front and turned northwest towards Canada. Hazel affected Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York it brought gusts near 160 km/h (100 mph) and caused $281 million (1954 USD) in damage. It then traveled north along the Atlantic coast. The hurricane made landfall near Calabash, North Carolina, destroying most waterfront dwellings. In Haiti, Hazel destroyed 40 percent of the coffee trees and 50 percent of the cacao crop, affecting the economy for several years. As a result of the high death toll and the damage caused by Hazel, its name was retired from use for North Atlantic hurricanes. After causing 95 fatalities in the US, Hazel struck Canada as an extratropical storm, raising the death toll by 81 people, mostly in Toronto. The storm killed at least 469 people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and South Carolina as a Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Hazel was the deadliest, second costliest, and most intense hurricane of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season. Part of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season Trinidad and Tobago, Lesser Antilles, Northern South America, Puerto Rico, Leeward Antilles, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Lucayan Archipelago, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Europe ( Extratropical after 18:00 UTC on October 15) Surface weather map of Hazel near landfall in North Carolina on October 15
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